Introduction to Social Work in Indian Society
Social work in India is deeply rooted in ancient traditions of helping and philanthropy, long before it became a formal profession. From the Vedic concept of "Dhanam" (sharing resources) to King Ashoka’s welfare systems, India’s history is rich with examples of structured social support.
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This blog covers:
Ancient Indian helping traditions (Vedic period, King Ashoka’s reforms).
Modern social casework—scope, relevance, and challenges.
Cultural influences (Dharma, Karma, caste system) on social work practice.
Whether you're a student, practitioner, or history enthusiast, this post offers valuable insights into India’s unique approach to social welfare.
1. Ancient Roots of Social Work in India
1.1 The Vedic Period (1750–500 BCE): Concept of Dhanam
Dhanam (charity) was a core philosophy in the Rigveda, emphasizing:
"The riches of one who gives do not diminish."
"The solitary eater is a solitary sinner."
People believed in sharing wealth, knowledge, and protection (Abaydhaanam).
1.2 King Ashoka’s Welfare Systems (3rd Century BCE)
Institutionalized social support through Gopas (early social workers).
Pillar edicts declared: "I consider the promotion of the people’s welfare my highest duty."
1.3 Religious Contributions
Hinduism: Bhagavad Gita advocates three types of Dhanam (material, knowledge, fearlessness).
Islam: Zakat (alms-giving) as a religious duty.
Christianity: Tithe donations for community welfare.
2. Modern Social Casework in India
2.1 Scope & Relevance
Social casework is practiced in:
Hospitals, schools, and mental health centers.
Child welfare and correctional institutions.
Urban-focused but expanding to rural areas.
2.2 Common Client Challenges
Indian clients often face:
Multi-layered problems (poverty, health issues, emotional distress).
Low coping capacity due to systemic barriers.
Stigma around seeking help (e.g., "Men shouldn’t cry").
2.3 Role of Caseworkers
Provide humane, advocacy-based support.
Empower clients through resource linkage (e.g., financial aid, counseling).
Address cultural beliefs (e.g., karma, fate) sensitively.
3. Cultural Influences on Social Work Practice
3.1 Dharma & Karma Theory
Dharma = Duty-based living (right action at the right time).
Karma = Actions shaping future lives (rebirth beliefs).
Impact: Clients may resist change, attributing struggles to "past karma."
3.2 Caste System & Social Hierarchy
Varna system historically dictated occupations and behavior.
Dalits often internalize oppression as "destiny."
Caseworkers must challenge caste-based fatalism while respecting cultural context.
3.3 Inhibiting Factors
Authority Dependence: Blind trust in elders/leaders hinders self-advocacy.
Gender Norms: "Weakness shouldn’t be shown" discourages help-seeking.
4. Key Takeaways for Practitioners
FAQ
Conclusion
Social work in India blends ancient philanthropy with modern professional practice. Understanding cultural frameworks like Dharma, Karma, and caste is crucial for effective casework.
🔹 Social Work Material – Essential guides and tools for practitioners.
🔹 Social Casework – Learn client-centered intervention techniques.
🔹 Social Group Work – Strategies for effective group facilitation.
🔹 Community Organization – Methods for empowering communities.
